Autism & Health
WHEN WE talk about Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), we often focus on communication and behaviour.
But there’s more to autism than just the mind. Health plays a big role in the lives of people with autism, and it can be a bit different from those without the condition. Understanding how autism affects physical and mental health is key to making sure people on the spectrum get the care they need.
Physical Health and Autism
People with autism often experience certain physical health issues more than others. While these issues don’t affect everyone on the spectrum, they are important to keep in mind.
Gut Issues
One common health problem for people with autism is gut trouble. Many people on the spectrum deal with digestive issues like constipation, diarrhea, or stomach pain. Researchers are still figuring out why this happens, but some think it could be linked to the way the brain and gut communicate.
To help with these gut problems, doctors might suggest changes to diet, like adding more fibre or removing certain foods that can be hard to digest. In some cases, probiotics – those “good” bacteria that help the gut – might be helpful too.
Sleep Problems
Getting enough sleep is another challenge for many people with autism. Some struggle to fall asleep or stay asleep through the night. This can be tough on kids, but it’s also hard on parents who are trying to get their own rest!
Sleep issues can be caused by a number of things, like anxiety, sensory sensitivities (like being bothered by light or noise), or simply having trouble winding down at the end of the day. To help with sleep, creating a calming bedtime routine and making the bedroom as relaxing as possible can make a big difference. Some families also work with doctors to try melatonin, a natural hormone that helps regulate sleep.
Sensory Sensitivities
Many people with autism experience sensory sensitivities. This means their senses – sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell – might be more intense than for others. Bright lights, loud sounds, or even certain fabrics can be overwhelming. These sensitivities can also affect things like brushing teeth or visiting the doctor, where certain sensations can cause distress.
To manage sensory issues, it helps to create a calm, sensory-friendly environment. Noise-cancelling headphones, softer clothes, and even dimmed lights can make a big difference in comfort. Occupational therapy can also help by teaching techniques to cope with sensory challenges.
Mental Health and Autism
Mental health is a major part of life for everyone, but it’s especially important for people with autism. People on the spectrum are more likely to deal with mental health issues like anxiety and depression, and it’s important to recognise when someone might need extra support.
Anxiety
Anxiety is very common in people with autism. Changes in routine, social situations, or sensory overload can all lead to feelings of stress and worry. For kids and adults on the spectrum, anxiety might show up as repetitive behaviours, meltdowns, or even physical symptoms like stomach aches.
Helping someone with anxiety means understanding their triggers and creating a supportive environment. Calming routines, visual schedules, and practising relaxation techniques can help. Some people might also benefit from therapy or medication to manage their anxiety.
Depression
Depression can also affect people with autism, especially teens and adults. Feelings of loneliness, frustration, or not fitting in can lead to depression. It’s important to know the signs, like changes in sleep, appetite, or mood.
Talking with a mental health professional is a good first step if depression is a concern. Therapies like cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) are often helpful in managing depression. Support from family and friends also makes a big difference, offering understanding and encouragement when things feel tough.
Healthcare and Autism
Accessing healthcare can be tricky for people with autism, but there are ways to make the experience easier.
Communication with Doctors
Doctors and healthcare professionals might not always understand the specific needs of someone with autism. This can make trips to the doctor stressful. It helps to find a doctor who has experience working with people on the spectrum or who is willing to learn. Bringing a list of health concerns, along with any sensory preferences (like dimming the lights in the exam room), can also make visits smoother.
Regular Check-Ups
Because people with autism can be more likely to have certain health issues, regular check-ups are important. This helps doctors spot any problems early, from gut issues to mental health concerns. It’s also a chance to make sure any treatments or therapies are working as expected.
Dental Care
Going to the dentist can be a challenge for someone with sensory sensitivities. The bright lights, loud tools, and strange tastes can all be overwhelming. Finding a dentist who understands autism and is patient with sensory needs can make a big difference. Practising at home – like getting used to the feeling of a toothbrush – can also help make dental visits easier.
Staying Healthy with Autism
Staying healthy isn’t just about seeing the doctor. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, and good sleep habits are all key parts of a healthy life for everyone, including people with autism.
Physical activity, like walking, swimming, or riding a bike, can help both physical and mental health. Some people with autism find certain sports or activities that match their interests, like martial arts or trampoline jumping. Finding what works best and is enjoyable helps make staying active fun and sustainable.